Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, or sotagliflozin) are recommended in all patients with HFrEF and T2DM to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and CV death.
Sacubitril/valsartan or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) is recommended in all patients with HFrEF and diabetes to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and death.
Beta-blockers are recommended in patients with HFrEF and diabetes to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and death.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are recommended in patients with HFrEF and diabetes to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and death.
An intensive strategy of early initiation of evidence-based treatment (SGLT2 inhibitors, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)/ACE-Is, beta-blockers, and MRAs), with rapid up-titration to trial-defined target doses starting before discharge and with frequent follow-up visits in the first 6 weeks following a HF hospitalization is recommended to reduce re-admissions or mortality.
